Outsourcing Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) Essay example

Outsourcing: Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) Outsourcing has become a very controversial topic, particularly around the time of presidential elections. The working public has a very different view of outsourcing than the business owners, partly due to information asymmetry. In other words, the working public does not typically have all of the information regarding the impacts of outsourcing available to them as business owners do. Reversely, business owners are not able to see the impacts of outsourcing on the working public and therefore, do not consider those impacts when restructuring their companies. The interpretations of these impacts, however, determine whether they are costs or benefits to the person interpreting them.†¦show more content†¦This new phenomenon has sparked interest from not only consumers, who feel they receive the short end of the stick, but business executives and most economists as well, who see the other side of the spectrum. In addition to Information Technology, The Outsourcing Institute lists several other sectors that are outsourcing: Operations, such as consulting, training, records management, printing, and telephone customer support; Finance, including payroll processing, purchasing, transaction processing, and accounting; Human Resources, mainly workers’ compensation; and Sales and Marketing, in the way of direct mailings, advertising, and telephone sales. Opponents of outsourcing do not take this information with a grain of salt. They see outsourcing as a significant problem contributing to job loss, increasing wage gaps, and negative impacts on low-skill workers. As outsourcing is essentially free trade, some opponents blame job loss on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in which Mexico, Canada, and the Caribbean Basin do not pay tariffs on exports to the United States. By not imposing tariffs on exports, opponents of NAFTA claim companies will jump at the opportunity to cut costs by manufacturing products in a lower wage-paying country and exporting them to the U.S.,Show MoreRelatedChapter 4 Risk Management Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pagessystems to remain viable, information security and the discipline of risk management must become an integral part of the economic basis for making business decisions. These decisions are based on trade-offs between the costs of applying information systems controls and the benefits realized from the operation of secured, available systems. 2. According to Sun Tzu, what two key understandings must you achieve to be successful? Know Yourself and Know the Enemy 3. Who is responsible for risk managementRead MoreStrategic Planning And The Annual Budgeting Cycle2366 Words   |  10 Pagesbusiness leads. The business leads prepare a business case detailing the project including the business benefits. These projects are then presented to the Portfolio Council, which approves or denies the initial request. Once approved, if there is work to be done by IT team, the team quickly engaged in assessing a high-level cost. The business/IT PMO team then creates a project CBA (Cost Benefit Analysis) to seek the approval from the executive business sponsor. Once approved the project is able to moveRead MoreAssessment Methods in Business Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesWhen accessing the performance of an IS, Palmius (2007) cites three types of approach are the most common: economical benefit, usability measurement and measurement of user/customer satisfaction. Economical benefits are linked frequently in return on investments (ROI) and cost-benefit analys is (CBA). Usability measurements regularly refer to interface quality while user/consumer satisfaction indicates quality of service studies. All of these can be indicator of performance in some specific levelRead MoreAssignment Overview And Introduction Of Risk Management2712 Words   |  11 Pagesdealing with an export contract. The intended review team is the Company’s senior management. Equipment Manufacturing companies are always in the line of risk as technology advancement improves every day. An efficient risk management procedure will benefit the project financially, as the health of the project is only as good as its financial strength. Every project must plan for a systematic approach to risk management. The setup of a risk management process varies between different types of standardsRead MoreEssay about Procurement Management Make-or-Buy Analysis2899 Words   |  12 PagesAssignment 1: Make-or-Buy Decision Analysis Jacqueline M. Oxendine PMAN 641 – Project Procurement Management Professor Randall Napier University of Maryland University College February 13, 2011 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Methods of Make-or-Buy Decision Analysis 3 Hurdles to Overcome in the Make-or-Buy Decision-Making Process 9 Conclusion 11 References 12 Assignment #1: Make-or-Buy Decision Analysis All projects involve the need to determine whether the project workRead MoreInformation Systems-Chapter 9 Global Informartion Systems2404 Words   |  10 Pagesof high coordination Basic components: network capable of global communication, including transmission equipment and communication media Global database Information-sharing technologies Large versus small companies: custom applications or outsourcing Information system manager: faces design and implementation issues when developing a global network Determines the best communication media to meet global performance and traffic needs Chooses the best transmission technology, for the globalRead MoreFeasibility Study On The Practicality Of A Project Essay2385 Words   |  10 Pagesproject successful and the prospects for success. A feasibility study will normally have the following A statement of the purpose of the system A definition of system scope A list of current deficiencies A statement of user requirements Cost benefits or limitations of development Conclusion and recommendations TELOS Feasibility study is taking factors for starting up the project and then looking at them and also discussing about to see how to set up the project. There are many factorsRead MoreLabor Contractualization3560 Words   |  15 Pagesthe security and benefits of a regular job while being paid very low wages. Labor flexibilization schemes, such as part-time/contractual labor, subcontracting parts of the production process among smaller enterprises, subcontracting certain on-site services to other firms, agency labor-only contracting, and piece rate compensation strategies, have resulted in the stagnation in the number of unionized workers. The number of workers covered by collective bargaining agreements (CBA) has actually declinedRead MoreSydney’s Cross City Tunnel3258 Words   |  14 PagesINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE: THE SYDNEY CROSS CITY TUNNEL OPIM-5668 Project Risk and Cost Management Feb 18th, 2011 Sourabhdeep Singh Khanna Hiren Gonsai John Celis Winston Spencer Executive Summary In 2000, Cheung Kong Infrastructure Holdings Limited (CKI) was faced with a great opportunity to invest in a transportation project in Australia. The group was particularly interested in investing in Australia due to the country’s stable regulatory environment and economic growth. ThisRead MorePerformance Management : A High Priority Activity For Many Leading Organizations3763 Words   |  16 Pageson products, product showcase and sometimes for e-commerce. But, off recently due to the business revolution enabled by Social Media many managers and higher level executives are showing interest in to these social platforms and as to how they can benefit out of them. More executive level officers are interested to know how many people have liked their product page and how do the user reviews look like. This is how the social technologies work. The consumers are put upfront in analyzing and understanding

The Science Of The Human Race - 909 Words

The world is vastly increasing its population and human beings are becoming more technologically advanced. Every year it seems like the next iPod is coming out. Before you know it the iPod 25 will be released. Consequently, all iPods before the new iPod 25 will become obsolete and soon discarded. The world is becoming a disproportionate place of buying new products and then to simultaneously to disregard the now out of date products. The world has reached a technological point where it has become so motivated to reach new heights we are contemplating on whether we should soon advance the biology of the human race. Ever since the cloning of the first animal, a sheep named Dolly in the year 1996 the world has been afraid that animal cloning is only the beginning for they felt man was playing god. As for human cloning the public knew it would follow soon after. In this time of panic Gretchen Vogel, a journalist notes, that suddenly the public’s fears came true. In the year 1997 b efore any cloning laws were set a physicist, â€Å"Richard Seed, made a widely publicized claim that he would attempt to clone a human† (2001). After Richard Seed’s announcement several legislative bills were passed in effect to prevent human cloning. Despite all the ethical and biological harmfulness that human cloning can cause, it has many areas where it could in fact improve the human race. Vaughn a philosopher assesses the work of Dan Brock, who wrote a paper on the ethical pros and cons dealing withShow MoreRelatedThe Human Race : Science And Math1632 Words   |  7 PagesEver since the dawn of man, humans have always wanted learn and explore as much as possible. We have done amazing things since our race has begun and have created things that we imaged were never conceivable. The human race has succeeded in so many different areas of science and math and as the future progresses we only continue to learn more. Today we have technological advances that are incre dible and allow us to do many amazing feats from building massive architectural buildings to putting satellitesRead MoreEugenics: A Controversial Science Essay examples1160 Words   |  5 PagesEugenics has been a very controversial science that has existed in the world for centuries. Eugenics is defined as â€Å"the study of or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population by such means as discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirable traits (negative eugenics) or encouraging reproduction by persons presumed to have inheritable desirable traits (positive eugenics)(Dictionary.com, 2005)Read MoreCan Religion and Science Coexist?1716 Words   |  7 PagesCan Religion and Science Coexist? Gabrielle Berger Is it possible for science and religion to coexist? In both The Day The Earth Stood Still and The Man Who Fell to The Earth, the idea of science versus religion is questioned. The films show that our world is rapidly changing and how society reacts to events during those specific times by questioning spiritual faith. Certain sounds that are heard throughout both movies allow us to feel the tone that each movie tries to relay. These sound effectsRead MoreThe Slaughter of Native Americans and The Enslavement of African Americans940 Words   |  4 PagesRace is an issue that has impacted every person on Earth for the past few centuries; humans have been divided into different ‘labels’ based upon their physical appearance. Although race seemed like a good idea to categorize and distinguish people, these groupings have been used as a basis for hatred and oppression. Throughout the years, countries, governments, and individuals have utilized race as an excuse to exploit and a buse other people. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, slaveryRead MoreWhat Is Human Nature?1735 Words   |  7 PagesEnlightenment period was occurring. This produced two products during the time period. First, humans were able to possess a newfound understanding of general principals in which the world works. They wanted to know all about universal human nature, such as why all human beings are alike. Secondly, out of the Enlightenment, we have an intellectual ability to understand the world through science. Defined, science is an empirical methodology in which accurate descriptive data is logically analyzed, resultingRead MoreThe Cultural History Behind Racial Science995 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Race† is a fictional notion fashioned by debunked scientists in order to justify their cruelties and enhance their perceived superiority. Just as religion was once used to justify the horrors of the Crusades (Lindqvist, pg. 161), science would be the means to pardon the brutalities of imperialism, manifest destiny, and the white man’s burden. Constrained by binary thinking, Western thought pinned the illusory â€Å"civilized† against the â€Å"primitive† using metaphors attached to scientific reasoning (StepanRead MoreRace: Social Categorization, Not Biological Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe English term ‘race’ is believed to originate from the Spanish word raza, which means ‘breed’ or ‘stock’ (Race). People use race to define other groups, this separation of groups is based largely on physical features. Features like skin color and hair don’t affect the fundamental biology of human variation (Hotz). Race is truly only skin deep, there are no true biological separations between two ‘racial’ groups. Scientifically speaking, there is more variation between single local groups thanRead MoreThe Science Of Eugenics Movement1423 Words   |  6 PagesThe scie nce of eugenics was widely used during the 20th century in the United States to strategically eliminate the reproductive rights of women who were deemed inferior on the social ladder (â€Å"What is Eugenics?†). Some women of color, women with disabilities, and women from lower financial classes were sterilized for permanent birth control, and sometimes without their consent or knowledge (â€Å"What is Eugenics?†). The eugenics movement was aimed to promote selective human features in order to increaseRead MoreSex, Gender, And Gender915 Words   |  4 Pagesworkings and gender represents social forces that mold behavior. Historically, science has played a major role in constructing and reinforcing sex as either male or female. Many scientists looked at the bodies as a whole and skeletons to make the distinction of only male and female sexes. When developing theories many anatomists and anthropologist looked at mainly males and their bodies. This was only the beginning of science creating a value of men over women. In craniometry studies, scientist foundRead MoreThe Human Race Of South Africa937 Words   |  4 Pagesno gene pools. Therefore, there is no human race that is intellectually superior to another. The human race has been distributed in different geographical locations with a particular physical feature. Below are some of the races found in various parts of the world? The Natural habitat Caucasian from North Africa, the Indian, Southwest Asia, and Europe. The group is made up of Nordic, Alpine, east Baltic, Mediterranean among other groups. These groups of people are different from other groups significantly

The Definition of DNA - 904 Words

DNA: DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria .The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four nitrogen bases which are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). these nitrogen bases are bind with each other through hydrogen bond. [1] History of DNA research dna structure dna replication Before a cell can divide, it must duplicate all its DNA. In eukaryotes, this occurs during S phase of the cell cycle. The Biochemical Reactions * DNA†¦show more content†¦This means that micronutrient deficiencies can be addressed in these countries.[9] References: 1. www.nih.gov 7.users.rcn.com 8.ehow.com 9.Show MoreRelatedThe Definition of DNA916 Words   |  4 PagesDNA: DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria .The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four nitrogen bases which are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). these nitrogen bases are bind withRead MoreTaking a Look at DNA Supercoiling684 Words   |  3 PagesDNA supercoiling is the over-winding or under-winding of a DNA strand. In general, most organisms’ DNA is negatively supercoiled. There are two types of supercoiling: positive and negative. Positive supercoiling means that the DNA strands are twisted in the right direction; whereas negative supercoiling means that the DNA strands are twisted in the left direction. The laws of Physics govern everything that happens in the w orld, including DNA coiling in living beings. Some of the concepts in PhysicsRead MoreWhat Is A Gene?1446 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is a gene? The word Gene derives from the Greek â€Å"genesis† (birth) or â€Å"genos† (origin) and was first coined by Wilhelm Johannsen in 1909. At that time, little or nothing was known about the existence of DNA, and the word gene was used to describe the Mendelian concept of a phenotypical trait that is transmitted through inheritance (Johansen, 1909). The gene as the fundamental unit of heredity is the original meaning of the word as first geneticists intended it. This essentially explains theRead MoreHuman Body Systems Career Journal974 Words   |  4 PagesJournal 2015-2016 Entry #1 Activity: 1.2.3 Bone Detectives Description: Forensic Anthropologists helps to study the skeletal systems of people to determine the sex, ethnicity, and distinct characteristics of the dead skeleton they are studying. Definition for Forensic Anthropologist: As a Forensic Anthropologist you will be working with and investigating disease people. You will study the entire body as well as the skeletal structure and be able to get specifics as to who the body you are investigatingRead MoreEssay about DNA, The New Crime Investigator1358 Words   |  6 PagesDNA, The New Crime Investigator Abstract What is DNA? The scientific definition is â€Å"deoxyribonucleic acid, the biological polymer that stores the genetic information in all free living organisms. Two linear molecules entwine to form the double helix. Now that the definition has been stated, let’s now define what DNA means to a crime scene or case investigator. In the law enforcement business DNA has been introduce as a revolutionary and efficient accurate tool to solve and crack modern andRead MoreBackground Explanation Of Epigenetics By Conrad Waddington883 Words   |  4 PagesDNA than the their less depressed counterparts (Reiche, Vargas Nunes, Kaminami Morimoto, 2004). Background Explanation of Epigenetics Epigenetics What is epigenetics? Epigenetics is a term that was coined by Conrad Waddington that describes the heritable changes in the cellular phenotypes that are observed independently of alterations that occurs in the DNA sequence (Dawson Kouzarides, 2012). He proposed that there was a link between development and genetics, which is where the field of epigeneticsRead MoreDna Testing And The Second Amendment1276 Words   |  6 PagesDNA AS EVIDENCE DNA testing was first used in criminal prosecutions in 1985 and is now admissible in all states. (Hails, 184) Scientific and legal communities seem to universally accept the use of DNA as â€Å"good† evidence. Questions could arise regarding testing procedures. There are several testing methods that have been proven reliable and easily pass general acceptance and scientific validity tests. This is causes number of Daubert cases questioning DNA to decline. â€Å"In most cases, the tests thatRead MoreThe Deep Oceanic Trenches Near Thermal Vents1049 Words   |  5 Pagesoperational definitions as test parameters. Our results have implications for the continued study of deep sea organisms. Such study will provide insight into important questions about, for example, how certain organic compounds and metabolism function in deep sea organisms. ork such as this will advance understanding of nature and other factors controlling the biogeography and biodiversity of the ecosystems. Methods and Materials (see flow chart for better understanding): Operational Definitions: Alive-Read More The Benefits of Cloning Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesmore recent then many think. Cloning can be (better) understood by looking at it’s definition, process, and some examples. This first step to better understanding cloning is to hear precisely what it is. Cloning can be defined as an organism or group of organisms derived from another organism by an asexual reproductive process. Usually members of a clone are identical in genes (Clarke, 1). Even though the definition is relatively simple, it will be several years before these projects will be technicallyRead MoreHow Do New Technologies Face the Rapid Expansion of the Electronic Data Storage?970 Words   |  4 Pagesor written to the storage medium, and capacity, which denotes â€Å"how much disk space one or more storage devices provides† (Techterms, 2009). To boost these fundamental characteristics, other technologies emerged, such as Holographic Data Storage and DNA-based Data Storage. The Holographic Data Storage is a new emerging technology that helps considerably in high-capacity data storage by enhancing the process’ performance. Using this technology, the data writing and reading processes are executed at

Strategic Staffing free essay sample

Once employers understand the importance of strategic staffing, they can aligning their departmental goals with that of the company and spend adequate time and resources in implementing these strategies. The most important element in a company is the people that work there (the employees). They are the ones who produce output and are the core contributors that impact whether or not the business is successful. With this in mind, strategic staffing has to be at the forefront of the plans of a company. According to Bechet, in an article entitled, ‘Strategic Staffing: A Practical Toolkit for Workforce Planning’, â€Å"strategic staffing can be defined as the process of identifying and addressing the staffing implications of business plans and strategies or as the process of identifying and addressing the staffing implications of change† (Ward, 2004, pg. 1). In other words, strategic staffing plans for the future and helps you stay one step ahead. Now that we know what strategic staffing is, why is this concept so important in organizations? To answer this question, lets us analyze its benefits. The world is becoming a global village, therefore, in order for organizations to acquire differences that provide them with a competitive edge, they have to hire employees from a diverse background and capitalize on their talents. A diverse workforce will also allow the organization to tap into new markets while increasing effectiveness and productivity. Another benefit of employing strategic staffing plans is the opportunities for promoting their employees to fill top leadership positions. When a company is being strategic in their staffing decisions, they would have invested in developing employees whom they deem fit for leadership positions. This will then ensure that the company’s mission and vision remains intact and also make it easier for employees to identify with new leaders and get on board with their strategic initiatives. Strategic staffing plans also save an organization money in the long run. When the right persons are hired initially and the organization invest in these employees and develop their talents, the employees feel like a part of the organization and not just persons hired to get the work done. Employees therefore become more loyal and committed to the organization and less money is eventually spent on hiring new employees. With all these benefits tied on implementing a strategic staffing plan, managers have to ensure that the human resource team understands its importance. Once they do, it will motivate them to take their departmental strategies to the next level. However, in developing strategies for strategic staffing there are some critical issues that must be considered. In the article, a major issue that has been identified is the need for quality leadership in the organization due to globalization. The author explained that a critical element in the strategic operation of an organization is the selection of key personnel. The organization therefore, has to ensure that the individuals they select in recruitment have leadership qualities. This is very important because leaders are the ones who provide the strategy for accomplishing the mission and achieving the vision of the organization. Not only should they be able to provide the strategy, they should also be able to effectively communicate it to employees and create the motivational climate that enables them to be productive. As stated by Quinn in his book entitled, ‘Leadership, How to Lead, How to Live’, â€Å"Leaders help to point us in the same direction and harness our efforts jointly† (Quinn, 2005, pg. 11). Another critical issue that was revealed in the article was the tendency of decision makers to make changes only to respond to immediate pressures instead of realigning the organization with its external environment. This type of behaviour is being reactive, when the company should be seeking to be proactive. Being proactive means that situations are controlled by causing things to happen instead of waiting to respond after things happen. It follows through with the ancient saying, â€Å"Prevention is better than cure†. This is crucial to any organization’s success because being proactive saves money. Instead of management making a staff change to respond to immediate pressures, they should ensure that the persons they are hiring are able to implement the strategies of the organization effectively. The failure of a newly promoted leader to perform effectively is another critical issue that was raised in the article. The author went on to explain that the problem maybe a weakness in the strategy that affected the personnel changes and staffing should be seen as a window of opportunity other than a burden. With these critical issues that need to be considered when developing strategies for strategic staffing, there are also some areas of concern that was presented in the article that also needs to be considered when developing and implementing strategic staffing. One area of concern is the job description. The author outlined that in a rapidly changing environment job descriptions need frequent fine tuning. By looking at how a specific position and the department have been affected by past changes in leadership and objectives, they can then design the future job description to meet new strategic requirements. When developing and implementing strategic staffing one also have to look at the type of person who will be filling the job. Each situation calls for a different type of leader, therefore when recruitment is being done, they should look at the organization’s requirements. Developed in the article are four stages of the staffing process. The first two stages identified in the article is an evaluation of the position to be filled and the kind of individual required to fill it. These two stages can be defined as workforce planning. This is one of the most important activities that human resource professionals have to carry out. Sullivan defines workforce planning as â€Å"a systematic, fully integrated organizational process that involves proactively planning ahead to avoid talent surpluses or shortages† (Sullivan, 2002, pg. 6). When evaluating the position to be filled and the suitable person to fill it, a job analysis can be carried out. Two major aspects of the job analysis that are required is a job description and a job specification.. What the job description does is to describe the duties and responsibilities of the job itself. It is very important that this is done because it provides the guidelines for managers to hire promote and supervi se employees. It also helps them in making decisions regarding compensation, disciplinary procedures, promotion and termination. The job specification outlines the characteristics of someone who is able to perform the job well. This is also important as it sets out a consistent set of standards for all applicants which can be measured objectively. It also helps in designing training and development programs for the employees and job evaluations. Stage three in the process identified in the article is termed as â€Å"spreading the net†. This involves examining various ways to located talented personnel. This step can also be seen as sourcing where qualified individuals and the labor markets from which to recruit are located. Searching the right place for talent is crucial to finding the right person to fill a particular position. If the right person is not found for the job, it can be detrimental to the success of the company. This stage is also important to other activities in HR. When the right pool of identified, it gives management a wider variety of persons to recruit and places them at an advantage. It also ensures that the recruiters possess the talent that they are looking for to fill the vacant position. Once the right talent is found, the individual will be more efficient in achieving the organization’s goals. The final stage that was outlined in the article is that of making actual contact with the candidates and assessing their potential contribution. This is also known as the selection process where managers assess the job candidates and decide who to hire. Selecting the right candidate ensures that the business operates at full potential and assists in quality performance. It also saves a substantial amount of time and money if done properly and associated with a reduction in the levels of absenteeism and employee turnover. This stage also ties in with interviewing of the candidates. Once the right pool of candidates is available, interviewing them to find the best fit is the next step. Not all employees are the perfect fit for the job they apply and employers usually find this out during the interview. In order for staffing executive positions to be a success, the author recommends that the task be assigned to a key staffer and the strategy outlined to him/her. He also stated that recruitment and development be seen as a strategic act and must derive its direction from top management. I agree with these recommendations because staffing goals should tie in with the business strategy that is set by top management. Also, strategic staffing is very time consuming and requires some level of understanding of the company and its needs, therefore assign the task to a key staffer would be an excellent way to ensure that the right individual is assigned a job in the company. The author also recommended that the organizational wants be clear to those who are involved in the search process to avoid ambiguity, subjective preferences and pressures of the moment. This, I also regard as a good recommendation. This recommendation also shows the importance of having a key staffer, who understands the issues of the organization. This will decrease the likelihood of hiring the wrong person for the job. Personally, I think that it is essential for a company to use a structured interview process where each candidate is assessed through a standard set of criteria. This will ensure consistency among the candidates and interviewer. The staffing process is an extremely vital component of an organization due to its direct influence on business results and effectiveness.

Fuel cell technology Essay Example For Students

Fuel cell technology Essay Fuel cell technology 1Running head: FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY: TRANSPORTATION AND RESIDENTAL/ COMMERICAL APPLICATIONSFuel Cell Technology: Transportation and residential/commercial applications Monique University2A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device. A fuel cell converts the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water, and in the process it produces electricity. With a fuel cell, chemicals constantly flow into the cell so it never goes dead as long as there is a flow of chemicals into the cell, the electricity flows out of the cell. Most fuel cells in use today use hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals. Fuel cell provides a DC (direct current voltage that can be used to power motors, lights or any number of electrical appliances. The fuel cell will compete with many other types of energy conversion devices, including the gas turbine in your citys power plant, the gasoline engine in your car and the battery in your laptop. Combustion engines like the turbine and the gasol ine engine burn fuels and use the pressure created by the expansion of the gases to do mechanical work. Batteries converted chemical energy back into electrical energy when needed. Fuel cells should do both tasks more efficiently. Fuel cells improve battered powered cars and gasoline powered cars more efficiently. Fuel-cell-powered electric cars are powered with pure hydrogen. It has the potential to be up to 80% 3efficient, and with todays gas prices that would be wonderful. The efficiency of a gasoline-powered car is surprisingly low. All of the heat that comes out as exhaust or goes into the radiator is wasted energy. The engine also uses a lot of energy turning the various pumps, fans and generators that keep it going. So the overall efficiency of an automotive gas engine is about 20%. That is, only about 20% of the thermal-energy content of the gasoline is converted into mechanical work. The efficiency of an electric car is 72% for the car, 40% for the power plant and 90% for c harging the car. That gives an overall efficiency of 26%. The overall efficiency varies considerably depending on what sort of power plant is used. If the electricity for the car is generated by a hydroelectric plant for instance, then it is basically free (we didnt burn any fuel to generate it), and the efficiency of the electric car is about 65%. 4Efficiency is not the only consideration, however. People will not drive a car just because it is the most efficient if it makes them change their behavior. They are concerned about many other issues as well. Such as; is the car quick and easy to refuel, can it travel a good distance before refueling, is it as fast as the other cars on the road, and how much pollution does it produce? Fuel-cell-powered cars will start to replace gas- and diesel-engine cars in about 2005. A fuel-cell car will be very similar to an electric car but with a fuel cell and reformer instead of batteries. Most likely, you will fill your fuel-cell car up with met hanol, but some companies are working on gasoline reformers. Other companies hope to do away with the reformer completely by designing advanced storage devices for hydrogen. Fuel cells also make sense for portable electronics like laptop computers, cellular phones or even hearing aids. In these applications, the fuel cell will provide much longer life than a battery would, and you should be able to recharge it quickly with a liquid or gaseous fuel. Fuel-cell-powered buses are already running in several cities. The bus was one of the first applications of the fuel cell because initially, fuel cells needed to be quite 5large to produce enough power to drive a vehicle. In the first fuel-cell bus, about one-third of the vehicle was filled with fuel cells and fuel-cell equipment. Now the power density has increased to the point that a bus can run on a much smaller fuel cell. This is a promising application that you may be able to order as soon as 2002. General Electric is going to offer a fuel-cell generator system made by Plug Power. This system will use a natural gas or propane reformer and produce up to seven kilowatts of power (which is enough for most houses). A system like this produces electricity and significant amounts of heat, so it is possible that the system could heat your water and help to heat your house without using any additional energy. Some fuel-cell technologies have the potential to replace conventional combustion power plants. Characteristics of The Beowulf Poem EssayIn the past fuel cell technology prices were very expensive. Now fuel cell prices are beginning to come down for a number of reasons and by a variety of measures. Performance is increasing along with reliability and durability across the board. Innovation is presenting new options to achieve real products for real markets. There have been and continue to be early production runs that cover several generations of products. Hundreds of residential systems are being deployed in Europe and Japan. The small fleet of fuel cell vehicles in the U.S., Europe, and Japan continue to grow. Many of the innovations that are being achieved are because of the growing sophistication of simulation software that allows engineers and scientists to work on problems and to evaluate new concepts, configurations and material before new material is purchased. This reduces development costs significantly.

Sample Essay Help

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Fidel Castro Essays - CubaUnited States Relations, Cuban Revolution

Fidel Castro Fidel Castro, a well known bloodthirsty dictator, was born on August 13, 1926 on a farm in Mayari. Mayari is located in the province Oriente in Cuba. In his early years Castro was fascinated with political discussions and baseball. Castro was an excellent baseball player. He played baseball for many years of his life and still enjoys it. He was poor as a boy and yet was sent to a great Jesuit University. This was because he excelled in the art of persuasive speaking or rhetoric, drama, sports, and political science. He was nominated for country's best athlete in 1944 and received this award with great gratitude. In 1945 he applied to the University of Havana and in the same year received the Doctor of Jurisprudence degree. In 1946 he was being scouted for the Wash. Senators for his bullet-like fast-ball. His wife accompanied him and they had their honeymoon in Miami. He ended up deciding not to play because of the great prejudices. In 1948 he married but divorced shortly after. He di d have a son Fidel Castro Diaz-Balart, born in 1949, and now is head of Cuba's atomic energy commission. In the year 1950 he graduated with a law degree. In 1953 Fidel led an attack on the Moncada army barracks, it failed. But it earned him national recognition. He disbelieved in communism. He had strong ideas of nationalism, antiimperialism, and reformism, defiantly not communist. Following the attack he was sentenced for 15 years but was amnestied in 1955. He later went to Mexico and vowed to return t Cuba and avenge for his loss. In 1956 this occurred. He and 81 other people went to Cuba and launched a successful guerrilla war. Castro was a strong leader and had shrewd political skills. Castro's regime included politicians and democrats. Next his politics became for confrontational and Castro's numbers enlarged. Whoever's life he improved followed him. Some ironic facts about Fidel is that he cries easily. Castro was an insomniac. He hated sleeping at night because he had to sleep alone. His friends stated that one night at dinner he broke down crying and screaming, ?I'm all alone, I'm all alone!? His father, Angel never went anywhere with out a 45 colt. Fidel's favorite weapons include a riffle with a scope, a slingshot, bows and arrows, shotguns.